Clinicopathological Characteristics of Diffuse Gliomas According to IDH1 Mutation Status

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Diffuse gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system and exhibit marked clinical, histopathological, and molecular heterogeneity. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation is a key molecular marker incorporated into the World Health Organization classification of diffuse gliomas because of its diagnostic and prognostic significance. Characterizing the clinicopathological features according to IDH1 mutation status may improve disease stratification and optimize patient management. Objective: To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of diffuse gliomas according to IDH1 mutation status. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 110 consecutive patients with histopathologically confirmed diffuse glioma who underwent surgical resection at the Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between July 2020 and December 2021. IDH1 mutation status was determined by immunohistochemistry. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, histopathological subtype, WHO grade, and radiological findings were recorded using a structured data collection form. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 40.75 ± 15.68 years, and 60.0% were male. Astrocytoma was the predominant histological subtype (88.2%), while WHO grade IV tumors constituted 49.1% of cases. IDH1 mutation was detected in 93 (84.5%) patients. Patients with IDH1-mutant gliomas were younger than those with IDH1-wild-type tumors (39.6 vs. 47.1 years). IDH1-mutant tumors were more frequently associated with frontal lobe involvement and favorable clinicopathological characteristics than IDH1-wild-type tumors. Conclusion: IDH1 mutation was highly prevalent among patients with diffuse glioma and was associated with distinct clinicopathological characteristics. Incorporating IDH1 mutation status into routine evaluation may enhance the classification and clinical assessment of diffuse gliomas.