Spectrum of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Diagnoses in Patients Presenting with Dyspepsia

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Dyspepsia is a common upper gastrointestinal symptom complex with diverse functional and organic causes, and upper GI endoscopy enables identification of the broad spectrum of underlying lesions, from normal mucosa to significant pathological conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the spectrum of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic diagnoses among patients presenting with dyspepsia. Methods & Materials: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Khawaja Yunus Ali Medical Hospital, Sirajganj, Bangladesh, from January to June 2024, among 300 patients with dyspepsia undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Eligible patients aged ≥18 years were included based on predefined criteria. Demographic, clinical, and endoscopic data were collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0. Results were expressed as frequency, percentage, and mean ± SD, and the chi-square test assessed the association between age group and endoscopic findings, with p <0.05 considered significant. Results: Among 300 patients, the mean age was 42.9 ± 15.3 years, with 41-50 years predominating (26.7%), and females comprising 53.0%. Upper abdominal pain (55.7%) was the most common symptom, while smoking was the leading risk factor (10.0%). Endoscopy was normal in 56.3%, whereas 43.7% had abnormalities, predominantly gastritis/duodenitis (18.7%) and pre-pyloric erosion (17.0%). Abnormal endoscopic findings increased with age up to 51-60 years but showed no significant association with age (χ² = 2.51, p = 0.642). Conclusion: Dyspepsia commonly presents without significant structural abnormalities on endoscopy, while gastroduodenal inflammatory and erosive lesions are the predominant organic findings.