Etiological Patterns and Microbiological Spectrum of Deep Neck Space Abscesses in Rural versus Urban Populations: A Comparative Study

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Deep neck space abscesses (DNSA) are potentially life-threatening infections with varied etiologies and microbiological profiles. Socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and community setting may influence disease causation and outcomes. Objective: To compare etiological factors and microbiological spectrum of deep neck space abscesses between rural and urban populations. Methods & Materials: This observational comparative study was conducted on 72 patients diagnosed with deep neck space abscesses. Patients were categorized into rural (n=38) and urban (n=34) groups based on residence. Etiological factors such as odontogenic infections, upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), tuberculosis, trauma and unknown causes were analyzed. Pus samples were subjected to microbiological culture and sensitivity testing. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative tests. Results: Odontogenic infection was the most common etiology overall (44.4%), significantly higher in rural patients (52.6%) compared to urban patients (35.3%). Tuberculosis-related abscesses were more frequent in rural populations (18.4% vs 5.9%). URTI was the predominant cause in urban patients (32.4%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate followed by Streptococcus species and anaerobes. Polymicrobial growth was more common in odontogenic infections. Conclusion: Etiological patterns and microbiological profiles of DNSA differ significantly between rural and urban populations. Poor oral hygiene and delayed presentation contribute to higher odontogenic and tubercular infections in rural settings. Early diagnosis and targeted antimicrobial therapy based on community-specific patterns can reduce morbidity.