Prevalence and Pattern of Congenital Anomalies in Neonates Admitted to the NICU of Uttara Adhunik Medical College & Hospital

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Congenital anomalies are structural or functional defects arising during intrauterine life and represent a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Their burden is particularly substantial in low- and middle-income countries where surveillance systems are limited. In Bangladesh, institution-based data remain scarce, especially from neonatal intensive care settings. Understanding local prevalence and patterns is essential for planning preventive and clinical strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of congenital anomalies among neonates admitted to a tertiary care NICU and to assess selected associated factors. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Uttara Adhunik Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, from January to December 2025. A total of 440 neonates admitted to the NICU were enrolled. Clinical evaluation and relevant investigations were performed to identify congenital anomalies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: Congenital anomalies were identified in 44 neonates, yielding a prevalence of 10.0%. Major anomalies accounted for 63.6% of affected cases. Cardiovascular anomalies were most common (68.2%), with atrial septal defect being the predominant lesion (50.0%). Craniofacial, genitourinary and musculoskeletal anomalies were less frequent. No statistically significant associations were found between anomaly status and sex, consanguinity, family history, or preterm birth (p>0.05). Conclusion: Congenital anomalies constitute a considerable proportion of NICU admissions, with cardiovascular defects predominating. Enhanced antenatal screening and systematic neonatal evaluation are essential for early detection and management.