Risk Factors Associated with Bile Duct Injury during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Clinical Observational Study

Open Access

Abstract

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard surgical treatment for symptomatic gallbladder disease. Despite its advantages, bile duct injury (BDI) remains a serious complication associated with significant morbidity and need for complex reconstruction. This study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors associated with bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods & Materials: This retrospective observational study was conducted at Faridpur Medical College, Bangladesh, and included 50 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy between January and December 2019. Demographic, clinical, and operative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: Most patients were older than 40 years (64%) and female (58%). Symptomatic cholelithiasis was the most common indication (56%), followed by acute cholecystitis (28%) and chronic cholecystitis (16%). Abnormal liver function tests were present in 24%. Difficult Calot’s triangle dissection (30%), gallbladder wall thickening (34%), and dense adhesions (26%) were common operative findings. Bile duct injury occurred in one patient (2%) as a minor bile leak, with no major injuries observed. Conclusion: The incidence of bile duct injury was low. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure when performed by experienced surgeons with careful anatomical identification and adherence to safety principles.