Prevalence and Outcomes of Left Ventricular Failure and Cardiomyopathy in a District Level Hospital

Open Access

Abstract

Background: The global prevalence and incidence of heart failure have been steadily rising, approaching epidemic levels, with a substantial impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, and Bangladesh is experiencing a parallel rise in cardiovascular disease amid epidemiological transition. The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence and clinical outcomes of left ventricular failure and cardiomyopathy in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and clinical outcomes of left ventricular failure and cardiomyopathy in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Methods & Materials: A retrospective study at the Department of Cardiology, Noakhali Medical College, Noakhali, Bangladesh (July 2024–June 2025) included 250 adults with left ventricular failure or cardiomyopathy, collecting demographics, clinical features, comorbidities, echocardiography, hospital stay, mortality, and complications; data were analyzed using SPSS v26 with descriptive statistics. Results: Among 250 patients (mean age 55.1 years; 70.4% male), left ventricular failure was most common (64.8%), dyspnoea was the predominant symptom (84%), and hypertension the leading comorbidity (52.8%). The mean LVEF was 38.9%, LV dilatation occurred in 52.8%, and the median hospital stay was 4 days. In-hospital mortality was 7.2%, with arrhythmias (10.4%), renal impairment (8.4%) and hyponatremia (15, 6.0%) being the major complications. Conclusion: Left ventricular failure and cardiomyopathy remain major causes of tertiary hospital admissions, presenting with typical heart failure features and comorbidities, and leading to measurable complications and mortality despite standard inpatient management.