Evaluation of Pretransfusion Testing Practices and Their Impact on Patient Safety

Open Access

Abstract

Background: The safety of blood transfusions critically depends on proper pretransfusion procedures, as errors in sample collection, labeling, crossmatching, and bedside verification can result in the administration of incompatible blood with potentially fatal outcomes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate pretransfusion testing practices and their effect on patient safety. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess pretransfusion testing practices and their effect on patient safety. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Mugda Medical College and Hospital, National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January to June 2025, including 100 transfusion recipients. Data on demographics, transfusion indications, pretransfusion practices, errors, and clinical outcomes were collected prospectively and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Among 100 transfusion recipients (mean age 46.6 ± 14.8 years; 56% male), anemia (40%) was the most common indication. ABO/Rh typing and crossmatch were performed in 100%, antibody screening in 75%, clerical checks in 90%, and documentation in 88%. Pretransfusion errors occurred in 25% (most commonly incomplete forms 8%, mislabeling 6%). Transfusions were largely uneventful (93%), with febrile reactions in 3%, allergic/delayed reactions in 2% each. Adverse events were higher in patients with errors (16% vs. 2.7%). Conclusion: Strict adherence to pretransfusion testing protocols is essential to minimize errors and ensure patient safety.