Accuracy and Functional Outcomes of Ilizarov-Based Gradual Correction of Genu Varum: A Prospective Study

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Genu varum is a common lower limb deformity in Bangladesh, often causing pain and functional limitation. While Ilizarov-based gradual correction is increasingly utilized, data on its accuracy and functional outcomes in the local population remain sparse. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of correction and functional outcomes following Ilizarov-based gradual correction of genu varum. Methods & Materials: This prospective observational study was conducted at National Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, from January 2021 to July 2025. A total of 30 patients with genu varum underwent Ilizarov-based gradual correction. Preoperative and postoperative mechanical axis deviation (MAD), tibiofemoral angle, and functional scores were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean preoperative MAD was 45.2 ± 12.4 mm, which corrected to 4.8 ± 3.2 mm postoperatively (p<0.001). The mean tibiofemoral angle improved from 14.6° ± 4.2° varus to 2.8° ± 1.6° valgus. Excellent functional outcomes were achieved in 76.7% of patients. Pin site infection occurred in 23.3%, and delayed union in 6.7%. Conclusion: Ilizarov-based gradual correction provides accurate deformity correction and favorable functional outcomes in patients with genu varum, with acceptable complication rates. This technique is a reliable option for managing this deformity in resource-limited settings.