Outcome Analysis of Fetal and Maternal Health in Gestational Diabetes Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity, and few data have been reported from Bangladesh. The maternal and fetal outcomes in patients with GDM were investigated in this study in a tertiary care center in Bangladesh and predictors of adverse outcomes identified. Methods & Materials: The cross-sectional study enrolled 60 GDM women who delivered in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh between 2023. Participants were identified through WHO 2013 criteria and followed up to six weeks of postpartum. Information on demographic, medical history, GDM management, and maternal-neonatal outcomes were determined by interview and medical record review. Risk factors for adverse outcomes were established through Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models. Results: Most women were aged 25–29 (36.7%) or 35+ (33.3%), all with diabetes and hypertension. GDM was diagnosed at a mean of 28.4 weeks. Postpartum complications were high: depression and readmission (90%), hemorrhage (45%). All newborns had respiratory distress and NICU admission; 95% had congenital anomalies, and 10% died. Maternal age (30–34), diabetes, and C-section predicted NICU admission. Neonatal death was linked to maternal age (30–34) and insulin therapy. Maternal readmission was associated with older age, insulin use, hypertension, diabetes, and hemorrhage. Conclusion: This study reveals high rates of maternal and neonatal complications from GDM in Bangladeshi women, especially among older mothers and those on insulin. It highlights the urgent need for better screening, early intervention, and postpartum care in resource-limited settings.