Cutaneous Manifestations in Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease (Stage 1 to stage 5D) in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

Résumé

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by declining renal function and is often accompanied by a broad spectrum of cutaneous manifestations. These dermatologic features not only affect patients' quality of life but may also serve as early indicators of systemic deterioration, particularly in advanced stages of CKD. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and types of cutaneous manifestations across all stages of CKD (Stage 1 to Stage 5D) in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods & Materials: This descriptive observational study was conducted over six months (July to December 2023) at Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. A total of 60 patients with CKD (Stages 1 to 5D) exhibiting cutaneous changes were recruited from the nephrology ward, medicine ward, and hemodialysis unit. Data were collected through structured interviews, clinical examinations under proper illumination, and relevant laboratory investigations including skin biopsy and fungal cultures when necessary. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Result: Among the 60 CKD patients, the mean age was 58.2±14.5 years, with a male predominance (55%). The highest proportion of patients was in CKD Stage 5 (35%), followed by Stage 4 (33%) and Stage 3 (20%). The most frequent cutaneous manifestations were pruritus (86.67%), xerosis (78.33%), pigmentary changes (66.67%), fungal infections (41.67%), and acquired perforating dermatosis (38.33%). Nail changes were observed in 48.3% of patients, with half-and-half nails being the most common (30%). Oral mucosal involvement, predominantly glossitis (33.33%), and dry, lusterless hair (28.33%) were also frequently reported. Conclusion: Cutaneous manifestations are highly prevalent among CKD patients, especially in the advanced stages. Pruritus, xerosis, and pigmentary changes are the most common findings. Recognition of these dermatologic signs is essential for timely diagnosis, improved patient management, and better quality of life. Regular dermatologic assessment should be integrated into routine CKD care.